PCB Reflection Issues: Causes, Troubleshooting, and Proven Fixes
Article Abstract Signal reflection is one of the most common and damaging signal integrity problems in high-speed PCB design. It occurs when electrical signals hit impedance discontinuities along transmission lines, causing energy to bounce back toward the source. The result is distorted waveforms: overshoot, undershoot, ringing, and stepped edges that lead to timing errors, false…