How to Measure Differential Pair Impedance Using TDR with True Differential Mode
In high-speed PCB design, accurately measuring differential pair impedance using TDR with true differential mode is critical for signal integrity in protocols like USB, HDMI, PCIe, and Ethernet. This guide covers equipment, calibration, and interpretation for reliable results. Image: 1. Understanding Differential Pair Impedance and TDR Fundamentals 1.1 What is Differential Impedance? Differential pair impedance (Z_diff) is measured…